ASTM B381 Specification

Why Stockists in Oman should buy ASTM B381 Forged Flanges from Ganpat Industrial?

  • Material advantages
  • Specification clarity
  • Stockist value proposition
  • Traceability

Top ASME SB 381 Forged Flanges Manufacturer in India in Various Grades

Specification of ASTM B381 Forged Flanges

ASTM B 381 Flanges Sizes
ASTM B 381 Flanges  Sizes
  • SCH: Sch 5 to XXS
  • NPS: 1/2″ to 48″
  • Class:150 to 2500#
  • Life Span:More than 50 years
ASME SB 381 Pipe Flanges Types
ASME SB 381 Pipe Flanges Types
  • Blind
  • Socket Weld
  • Slip On
  • Weld Neck etc.

 

ASME SB381 SORF Flange Standards
ASME SB381 SORF Flange Standards
  • ASME B16.47 Series A & B
  • MSS SP44
  • ASME B16.5
  • ASTM A182 | ASME SA 182
SB 381 Blind Flange Process
SB 381 Blind Flange Process
  • Casting
  • Forging
  • Cutting
  • Rolling
ASTM B381 Threaded Pipe Flange Threads
ASTM B381 Threaded Pipe Flange Threads
  • FNPT
  • BSPT
  • BSPP
  • NPT, MNPT
B381 Exhaust Flanges Testing
B381 Exhaust Flanges Testing
  • Pressure
  • Tensile
  • PMI
  • Hardness test

 

ASTM B 381 Forged Flanges Finish
ASTM B 381 Forged Flanges Finish
  • Spiral/Concentric
  • Mirror
  • Smooth
  • Serrated

 

ASME SB 381 Puddle Flange Face
ASME SB 381 Puddle Flange Face
  • FF
  • RF
  • RTJ
  • T&G
ASME SB381 Flange Origin
ASME SB381 Flange Origin
  • Indian
  • European
  • Japan
  • Korean
ASTM B 381 Lap Joint Flange Advantages
ASTM B 381 Lap Joint Flange Advantages
  • Low maintenance
  • High tensile strength
  • Excellent resistance

 

ASTM B 381 Weld Neck Flange Supporting Material
ASTM B 381 Weld Neck Flange Supporting Material
  • Gasket
  • Flange Bolts
  • Ring Joint
SB 381 Flanges Testing Facility
SB 381 Flanges Testing Facility
  • X-ray Detector
  • NDT
  • Hydro test

 

ASME SB 381 Forged Flanges Standards

Most Genuine ASTM B381 Forged Flanges Manufacturer in India As Per International Standards

Standards
Material Standard ASME SB 381 / ASTM B381
ASME SB 348 / ASTM B348
ISO 24034
Flange Dimension Standards ASME B16.5
ASME B16.47 Series A/B
ASME B16.48
EN 1092-1
DIN 2631 – 2638
JIS B2220
International Equivalents UNS R50400 / R56400 / etc.
Werkstoff 3.7035 / 3.7165
BS 4504 / BS 10

SB 381 Flanges Dimensions

SB 381 Flanges Dimensions

Normal Pipe Size Flanges
Diameter
(‘O’)
Diameter of
(B.C.)
‘A’
Flanges Wall Thickness
‘C’
Diameter of (B.H.)
‘D’
Holes
Number
(Flanges) Diameter of Hub
‘E’
Diameter (Flanges) at Weld Bevel Diameter of
(RF)
R
Depth of
Socket Weld
F
Threading
Length
Length Of Through Hub Bore (‘B’)
SORF/ SWRF
(Y)
WNRF
(Y)
Lap Joit
(Y)
SORF/ SWRF
(B)
Lap Joit
(B)
1” 25 123.8 88.9 17.5 19.0 4 54.0 33.5 50.8 12.7 17.5 27.0 61.9 27.0 34.5 35.0
1 32 133.3 98.4 20.6 19.0 4 63.5 42.2 63.5 14.3 20.6 28.6 66.7 28.6 43.2 43.7
1 40 155.6 114.3 22.2 22.2 4 69.8 48.3 73.0 15.9 22.2 31.7 69.8 31.7 49.5 50.0
2” 50 165.1 127.0 25.4 19.0 8 84.1 60.4 92.1 17.5 25.4 36.5 73.0 36.5 62.0 62.5
2 65 190.5 149.2 28.6 22.2 8 100.0 73.1 104.8 19.0 28.6 41.3 79.4 41.3 74.7 75.4
1/2” 15 95.2 66.7 14.3 15.9 4 38.1 21.3 34.9 9.5 15.9 22.2 52.4 22.2 22.3 22.9
3/4” 20 117.5 82.5 15.9 19.0 4 47.6 26.7 42.9 11.1 15.9 25.4 57.1 25.4 27.7 28.2
3” 80 209.5 168.3 31.8 22.2 8 117.5 88.9 127.0 – 30.2 46.0 82.5 46.0 90.7 91.4
3 90 228.5 184.2 34.9 22.2 8 133.4 101.6 140.0 – 31.7 49.3 85.7 49.3 103.4 104.1
4” 100 273.0 215.9 38.1 25.4 8 152.4 114.3 157.2 – 33.3 54.0 101.6 54.0 116.1 116.8
5” 125 330.2 266.7 44.4 28.6 8 188.9 141.2 185.7 – 36.5 60.3 114.3 60.3 143.8 144.5
6” 150 355.6 292.1 47.6 28.6 12 222.2 168.4 215.9 – 39.7 66.7 117.5 66.7 170.7 171.4
8” 200 419.1 349.2 55.6 31.7 12 273.0 219.2 269.9 – 44.4 76.2 133.3 76.2 221.5 222.2
10” 250 508.0 431.8 63.5 34.9 16 342.9 273.0 323.8 – 49.2 85.7 152.4 111.2 276.3 277.4
12” 300 558.8 488.9 66.7 34.9 20 400.0 323.8 381.0 – 55.6 92.1 155.6 117.3 327.1 328.2
14” 350 603.2 527.0 69.9 38.1 20 431.8 355.6 412.7 – 57.1 93.7 165.1 127.0 359.1 360.2
16” 400 685.8 603.2 76.2 41.3 20 495.3 406.4 469.9 – 63.5 106.4 177.8 139.7 410.5 411.2
18” 450 742.9 654.0 82.6 44.4 24 546.1 457.2 533.4 – 68.3 117.5 184.1 152.4 461.8 462.3
20” 500 812.8 723.9 88.9 44.4 24 609.6 508.0 584.2 – 73.0 127.0 190.5 165.1 513.1 514.3
24” 600 939.8 838.2 101.6 50.8 24 717.5 609.6 692.1 – 82.5 139.7 203.2 184.1 615.9 615.9

Buy Custom Size ASTM B 381 Titanium Alloy Forging Stock At Reasonable Price

Class 150 ASTM B 381 Titanium Alloy Flange Dimensions

NPS Flange Of Outside Diameter Diameter Of Raised Face Hub Diameter At Welding Point Wall Thickness Of Flange Hub Diameter At Base Welding Neck (WNRF) Slip On (SORF) Welding Neck (WNRF) Slip On (SORF)
inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm
1″ 25 4.25 107.95 2.00 50.80 1.32 33.53 0.56 14.29 1.94 49.21 1.05 26.67 1.36 34.54 2.19 55.56 0.69 17.46
1-1/4″ 32 4.63 117.48 2.50 63.50 1.66 42.16 0.63 15.88 2.31 58.74 1.38 35.05 1.70 43.18 2.25 57.15 0.81 20.64
1-1/2″ 40 5.00 127.00 2.88 73.03 1.90 48.26 0.69 17.46 2.56 65.09 1.61 40.89 1.95 49.53 2.44 61.91 0.88 22.23
2″ 50 6.00 152.40 3.63 92.08 2.38 60.45 0.75 19.05 3.06 77.79 2.07 52.58 2.44 61.98 2.50 63.50 1.00 25.40
2-1/2″ 65 7.00 177.80 4.13 104.78 2.88 73.15 0.88 22.23 3.56 90.49 2.47 62.74 2.94 74.68 2.75 69.85 1.13 28.58
3-1/2″ 90 8.50 215.90 5.50 139.70 4.00 101.60 0.94 23.81 4.81 122.24 3.55 90.17 4.07 103.38 2.81 71.44 1.25 31.75
4″ 100 9.00 228.60 6.19 157.16 4.50 114.30 0.94 23.81 5.31 134.94 4.03 102.36 4.57 116.08 3.00 76.20 1.31 33.34
5″ 125 10.00 254.00 7.31 185.74 5.56 141.22 0.94 23.81 6.44 163.51 5.05 128.27 5.66 143.76 3.50 88.90 1.44 36.51
1/2″ 15 3.50 88.90 1.38 34.93 0.84 21.34 0.44 11.11 1.19 30.16 0.62 15.75 0.88 22.35 1.88 47.63 0.63 15.88
3/4″ 20 3.88 98.43 1.69 42.86 1.05 26.67 0.50 12.70 1.50 38.10 0.82 20.83 1.09 27.69 2.06 52.39 0.63 15.88
3″ 80 7.50 190.50 5.00 127.00 3.50 88.90 0.94 23.81 4.25 107.95 3.07 77.98 3.57 90.68 2.75 69.85 1.19 30.16
6″ 150 11.00 279.40 8.50 215.90 6.63 168.40 1.00 25.40 7.56 192.09 6.07 154.18 6.72 170.69 3.50 88.90 1.56 39.69
8″ 200 13.50 342.90 10.63 269.88 8.63 219.20 1.13 28.58 9.69 246.06 7.98 202.69 8.72 221.49 4.00 101.60 1.75 44.45
10″ 250 16.00 406.40 12.75 323.85 10.75 273.05 1.19 30.16 12.00 304.80 10.02 254.51 10.88 276.35 4.00 101.60 1.94 49.21
12″ 300 19.00 482.60 15.00 381.00 12.75 323.85 1.25 31.75 14.38 365.13 12.00 304.80 12.88 327.15 4.50 114.30 2.19 55.56
14″ 350 21.00 533.40 16.25 412.75 14.00 355.60 1.38 34.93 15.75 400.05 13.25 336.55 14.14 359.16 5.00 127.00 2.25 57.15
16″ 400 23.50 596.90 18.50 469.90 16.00 406.40 1.44 36.51 18.00 457.20 15.25 387.35 16.16 410.46 5.00 127.00 2.50 63.50
18″ 450 25.00 635.00 21.00 533.40 18.00 457.20 1.56 39.69 19.88 504.83 17.25 438.15 18.18 461.77 5.50 139.70 2.69 68.26
20″ 500 27.50 698.50 23.00 584.20 20.00 508.00 1.69 42.86 22.00 558.80 19.25 488.95 20.20 513.08 5.69 144.46 2.88 73.03
24″ 600 32.00 812.80 27.25 692.15 24.00 609.60 1.88 47.63 26.13 663.58 23.25 590.55 24.25 615.95 6.00 152.40 3.25 82.55

ASME SB381 Slip On Flanges Wall Thickness

NPS (O.D) Number of Bolt Holes Minimum Wall Thickness
(T)
Holes Diameter (RF) Diameter
(R)
SO Length
(SL)
WN Length
(WL)
BC
(Bolt Circle)
Diameter Hub Base
(HB)
SO Bore Inner Diameter
(SB)
Diameter of Hub Top
(HT)
WN Bore Inner Diameter
(WB)
1⁄2 3.50 4 0.38 0.62 1.38 0.56 1.81 2.38 1.19 0.88 0.84 0.62
1 4.25 4 0.50 0.62 2.00 0.62 2.12 3.12 1.94 1.36 1.32 1.05
11⁄4 4.62 4 0.56 0.62 2.50 0.75 2.19 3.50 2.31 1.70 1.66 1.38
11⁄2 5.00 4 0.62 0.62 2.88 0.81 2.38 3.88 2.56 1.95 1.90 1.61
2 6.00 4 0.69 0.75 3.62 0.94 2.44 4.75 3.06 2.44 2.38 2.07
3⁄4 3.88 4 0.44 0.62 1.69 0.56 2.00 2.75 1.50 1.09 1.05 0.82
21⁄2 7.00 4 0.81 0.75 4.12 1.06 2.69 5.50 3.56 2.94 2.88 2.47
3 7.50 4 0.88 0.75 5.00 1.12 2.69 6.00 4.25 3.57 3.50 3.07
31⁄2 8.50 8 0.88 0.75 5.50 1.19 2.75 7.00 4.81 4.07 4.00 3.55
4 9.00 8 0.88 0.75 6.19 1.25 2.94 7.50 5.31 4.57 4.50 4.03
5 10.00 8 0.88 0.88 7.31 1.38 3.44 8.50 6.44 5.66 5.56 5.05
6 11.00 8 0.94 0.88 8.50 1.50 3.44 9.50 7.56 6.72 6.63 6.07
8 13.50 8 1.06 0.88 10.62 1.69 3.94 11.75 9.69 8.72 8.63 7.98
10 16.00 12 1.12 1.00 12.75 1.88 3.94 14.25 12.00 10.88 10.75 10.02
12 19.00 12 1.19 1.00 15.00 2.12 4.44 17.00 14.38 12.88 12.75 12.00
14 21.00 12 1.31 1.12 16.25 2.19 4.94 18.75 15.75 14.14 14.00 13.25
16 23.50 16 1.38 1.12 18.50 2.44 4.94 21.25 18.00 16.16 16.00 15.25
18 25.00 16 1.50 1.25 21.00 2.62 5.44 22.75 19.88 18.18 18.00 17.25
20 27.50 20 1.62 1.25 23.00 2.81 5.62 25.00 22.00 20.20 20.00 19.25
22 29.50 20 1.75 1.38 25.25 3.07 5.82 27.25 24.25 22.22 22.00 21.25
24 32.00 20 1.81 1.38 27.25 3.19 5.94 29.50 26.12 24.25 24.00 23.25

SB 381 Pipe Flanges Sizes

Normal Pipe Size DN
1 25
1 1/4 32
 1 1/2 40
1/2 15
3/4 20
2 50
2 1/2 65
3 80
4 100

Best ASME SB381 Slip On and Blind Flanges Supplier in Mumbai With Pressure Class 150 to 2500#

ASME B381 Weld Neck Flange Pressure Temperature Rating

ASME/ ANSI B16.5 Pressure Rating
Temperature °F Class 150 Class 300 Class 400 Class 600 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500
-20 to 100 275 720 960 1440 2160 3600 6000
1050 20 310 410 615 925 1545 2570
650 125 430 575 860 1290 2150 3580
700 110 425 565 850 1275 2125 3540
200 230 600 800 1200 1800 3000 5000
300 205 540 720 1080 1620 2700 4500
600 140 435 580 875 1310 2185 3640
400 190 495 660 995 1490 2485 4140
500 170 465 620 930 1395 2330 3880
750 95 415 555 830 1245 2075 3460
1100 20 255 345 515 770 1285 2145
800 80 405 540 805 1210 2015 3360
850 65 395 530 790 1190 1980 3300
900 50 390 520 780 1165 1945 3240
950 35 380 510 765 1145 1910 3180
1000 20 320 430 640 965 1605 2675
1150 20 200 265 400 595 995 1655
1200 20 155 205 310 465 770 1285
1250 20 115 150 225 340 565 945
1300 20 85 115 170 255 430 715
1350 20 60 80 125 185 310 515
1400 20 50 65 95 145 240 400

SB 381 Pipe Flanges Weight Chart

Certified ASTM B381 Forged Flanges Supplier in India of high-integrity products with proven resistance to fatigue.

NPS Holes Diameter of Bolts Diameter of Bolt Circle Welding Neck (WN) Blind (BLRF) Slip On (SORF)
Inch mm # Inch mm Inch mm LB Kilogram LB kg LB kg
2-1/2″ 65 4 0.63 15.88 5.50 139.70 5.02 2.28 4.05 1.84 4.37 1.98
1″ 25 4 0.50 12.70 3.13 79.38 1.56 0.71 1.70 0.77 1.56 0.71
1-1/4″ 32 4 0.50 12.70 3.50 88.90 1.88 0.85 1.88 0.85 1.88 0.85
1-1/2″ 40 4 0.50 12.70 3.88 98.43 2.50 1.13 2.20 1.00 2.50 1.13
1/2″ 15 4 0.50 12.70 2.38 60.33 0.94 0.43 1.26 0.57 0.94 0.43
3/4″ 20 4 0.50 12.70 2.75 69.85 1.26 0.57 1.56 0.71 1.26 0.57
2″ 50 4 0.63 15.88 4.75 120.65 3.76 1.71 2.50 1.13 3.13 1.42
3″ 80 4 0.63 15.88 6.00 152.40 6.26 2.84 5.63 2.55 5.32 2.41
3-1/2″ 90 8 0.63 15.88 7.00 177.80 7.37 3.34 8.45 3.83 6.87 3.12
4″ 100 8 0.63 15.88 7.50 190.50 9.40 4.26 10.75 4.88 8.13 3.69
5″ 125 8 0.75 19.05 8.50 215.90 12.00 5.44 12.00 5.44 9.40 4.26
6″ 150 8 0.75 19.05 9.50 241.30 15.00 6.80 17.00 7.71 12.25 5.56
8″ 200 8 0.75 19.05 11.75 298.45 24.50 11.11 28.75 13.04 18.25 8.28
10″ 250 12 0.88 22.23 14.25 361.95 32.50 14.74 42.50 19.27 25.50 11.56
12″ 300 12 0.88 22.23 17.00 431.80 50.00 22.68 67.00 30.39 38.75 17.57
14″ 350 12 1.00 25.40 18.75 476.25 62.25 28.23 80.00 36.28 52.00 23.58
16″ 400 16 1.00 25.40 21.25 539.75 78.00 35.37 103.00 46.71 57.00 25.85
18″ 450 16 1.13 28.58 22.75 577.85 86.00 39.00 127.00 57.60 74.00 33.56
20″ 500 20 1.13 28.58 25.00 635.00 104.00 47.17 166.00 75.28 94.00 42.63
24″ 600 20 1.25 31.75 29.50 749.30 159.00 72.11 251.00 113.83 128.00 58.05
Offer European Origin B381 Weld Neck Flange Ready Stock As Per ASME B16.5 With Sch 5 to XXS

ASME B381 Weld Neck Flange Schedule Chart

Flange Schedule Pipe Size – Pipe Flanges Max. Pressure Flange Connection Type
ASME B16.5 Class 150 1/2″ 150 psi FNPT
1/2″ 275 psi Socket Weld
1/2″ 150 psi Welded
3/4″ 150 psi FNPT
3/4″ 275 psi Socket Weld
1-1/4″ 275 psi Socket Weld
1-1/2″ 275 psi Socket Weld
2″ 150 psi FNPT
2″ 275 psi Socket Weld
2-1/2″ 275 psi Socket Weld
3″ 275 psi Socket Weld
4″ 150 psi FNPT
4″ 275 psi Socket Weld
ASME B16.5 Class 300 1/2″ 720 psi Slip On
1/2″ 720 psi Slip On
1″ 720 psi Slip On
1″ 720 psi Slip On
1-1/4″ 720 psi FNPT
1-1/4″ 720 psi Slip On
1-1/2″ 720 psi Slip On
1-1/2″ 720 psi Slip On
2″ 720 psi Slip On
2″ 720 psi Slip On
2-1/2″ 720 psi Slip On
2-1/2″ 720 psi Slip On
3″ 720 psi Slip On
3″ 720 psi Slip On
4″ 720 psi Slip On
4″ 720 psi Slip On

Most Common Types Of ASTM B381 Flange

Best ASTM B381 Flange Supplier in India, Stock and Supply Custom Shapes As Per Your Project Requirment

ASTM B381 Forged Flanges

ASTM B381 Forged Flanges

ASTM B 381 Slip On Flange

ASTM B 381 Slip On Flange

ASME SB 381 Blind Flanges

ASME SB 381 Blind Flanges

ASME SB381 Weld Neck Flange

ASME SB381 Weld Neck Flange

SB 381 Socket Weld Flange

SB 381 Socket Weld Flange

B381 Threaded Flange

B381 Threaded Flange

ASTM B381 Exhaust Flange

ASTM B381 Exhaust Flange

ASTM B 381 Plate Flange

ASTM B 381 Plate Flange

ASME SB 381 Lap Joint Flanges

ASME SB 381 Lap Joint Flanges

ASME SB381 Orifice Flanges

ASME SB381 Orifice Flanges

SB 381 Ring Type Joint Flange

SB 381 Ring Type Joint Flange

B381 Spectacle Blind Flanges

B381 Spectacle Blind Flanges

ASTM B 381 Titanium Alloy Forging Testings

Reliable ASTM B381 Forged Flanges Manufacturer in India with a commitment to innovation and product integrity.

  • Flattening test
  • Intergranular corrosion test
  • Pitting resistance test
  • Spectro analysis
  • Micro and macro tests
  • PMI (Positive Material Identification) testing
  • Hardness test
Find Forged and Rolled SB 381 Pipe Flanges With Different Face like FF, RF, RTJ For High-Temperature Application

Rolled SB 381 Pipe Flanges Applications

Rolled SB 381 Pipe Flanges Applications

ASME SB381 Blind Flanges Faces

Face Type Surface Finishes
FF Flat Face 125-250 µin (3.2-6.3 µm) Ra
RF Raised Face 125-250 µin (3.2-6.3 µm) Ra for soft gaskets
63-125 µin (1.6-3.2 µm) Ra for metallic gaskets
RTJ Ring Type Joint Precision machined groove surface
TG Tongue and Groove 63-125 µin (1.6-3.2 µm) Ra
MJ Male and Female 63-125 µin (1.6-3.2 µm) Ra
LG Lap Joint (Flat Face) 125-250 µin (3.2-6.3 µm) Ra
SWF Small / Smooth Wave Face 125-250 µin (3.2-6.3 µm) Ra or per design

ASTM B 381 Titanium Alloy Forging Equivalent

STANDARD UNS WERKSTOFF NR.
Titanium Grade 2 R50400 3.7035
Titanium Grade 5 R56400 3.7165

B381 Weld Neck Flange Mechanical Properties

Grade Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) Tensile Strength Elongation
Titanium Grade 2 Psi – 39900 , MPa – 275 Psi – 49900 , MPa – 344 20 %
Titanium Grade 5 Psi – 128000 , MPa – 880 Psi – 138000 , MPa – 950 14 %

SB 381 Pipe Flanges Chemical Composition

Grades UNS Number Fe O C Al V N H
Grade 1 R50250 0.20 max 0.18 max 0.08 max – – 0.03 max 0.015 max
Grade 2 R50400 0.30 max 0.25 max 0.08 max – – 0.03 max 0.015 max
Grade 3 R50550 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.08 max – – 0.05 max 0.015 max
Grade 4 R50700 0.50 max 0.40 max 0.08 max – – 0.05 max 0.015 max
Grade 5 R56400 0.40 max 0.20 max 0.08 max 5.5 – 6.75 3.5 – 4.5 0.05 max 0.015 max
Grade 7 R52400 0.30 max 0.25 max 0.08 max – – 0.03 max 0.015 max
Grade 9 R56320 0.25 max 0.20 max 0.08 max 2.5 – 3.5 2.0 – 3.0 0.03 max 0.015 max

Physical Properties of ASME SB 381 Forged Flanges

Grades Density (g/cm³) Melting Point (°C) Modulus of Elasticity (GPa)
Grade 1 4.51 1660 103
Grade 2 4.51 1660 105
Grade 3 4.51 1660 110
Grade 4 4.51 1660 115
Grade 5 4.43 1604 – 1660 113
Grade 7 4.51 1660 105
Grade 9 4.48 1650 102

SB 381 Lap Joint Flanges Documentations

  • Certificate of Origin
  • Fumigation Certificates
  • Raw Material Test Reports
  • Material Traceability Records
  • Heat Treatment Charts
  • Material Test Certificates (MTC)
  • Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
  • NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports

B381 Weld Neck Flange Delivery Time As Per Country

Export To Shipping Time
Libya 45-60
Cambodia 9
Thailand 7
Kenya 19
Sri lanka 6
Russia 20
Norway 45
Egypt 18
Turkey 21
Kazakhstan 45-60
Australia 21

ganpat industrial corporation

6 Reasons to choose Ganpat Industrial Corporation

  1. Distributor of Heat Exchanger parts and Alloys for High Temperature applications.
  2. Stockholder and importer of Ferrous and non ferrous metals.
  3. Wide stock of prime quality austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steel for Extreme pressure environment.
  4. Marine grade steel at lowest price in Mumbai.
  5. Compare Price per KG in India and China.
  6. Offer Resale price to local suppliers, traders and wholesalers in UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and USA